Prepare data

mtcars_data <- mtcars
mtcars_data$am <- as.factor(mtcars_data$am)


Student's t-test, assessing difference in means for two groups

t.test(mpg ~ am, data = mtcars_data) # Assess mpg differences by transmission status (automatic vs. manual)
## 
##  Welch Two Sample t-test
## 
## data:  mpg by am
## t = -3.7671, df = 18.332, p-value = 0.001374
## alternative hypothesis: true difference in means is not equal to 0
## 95 percent confidence interval:
##  -11.280194  -3.209684
## sample estimates:
## mean in group automatic    mean in group manual 
##                17.14737                24.39231